CONDITION 10 · VISUAL STUDY

支气管哮喘

bronchial asthma

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bronchial asthma

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01 / 06 Illustrated study · 01

01 / REMEMBER THE NAME

Remember the name

/ˈbrɒŋkiəl ˈæsmə/

bronch- 支气管；asthma 源于气喘

Chinese sound mnemonic

asthma“爱死么”→喘到“哎，死了吗”；记可逆哮鸣。（原发音近似：不让-卡-欧／爱死-么）

Mnemonics support recall; use the IPA for pronunciation.

02 / CONNECT THE MECHANISM

Airway hyperresponsiveness + reversible bronchoconstriction → wheeze and prolonged expiration.

An episodic wheeze and dyspnea occur after allergen exposure; symptoms improve with bronchodilator.

wheezing 哮鸣；reversible airflow obstruction 可逆气流受限；trigger 诱因

03 / CHECK & DISTINGUISH

Important investigations

肺功能提示可逆性气流受限；峰流量变化

Distinguishing features

COPD多长期吸烟及持续气流受限；心衰可出现夜间喘但常伴水肿/肺水肿；哮喘通常存在可逆性。

Red flags & referral

不能说完整句、嗜睡、口唇紫绀、静默胸（silent chest）→危重哮喘，立即急救。

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