CONDITION 13 · VISUAL STUDY

气胸

pneumothorax

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pneumothorax

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01 / 06 Illustrated study · 01

01 / REMEMBER THE NAME

Remember the name

/ˌnjuːməˈθɔːræks/

pneumo- 气；thorax 胸腔

Chinese sound mnemonic

pneumo 气＋thorax 胸；“牛么扫胸”＝胸腔进气。（原发音近似：牛-么-扫-惹克斯）

Mnemonics support recall; use the IPA for pronunciation.

02 / CONNECT THE MECHANISM

Air in pleural space → loss of negative pressure → partial lung collapse; tension physiology impairs venous return.

Acute unilateral pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath develop unexpectedly.

unilateral chest pain 单侧胸痛；absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失；tension pneumothorax 张力性气胸

03 / CHECK & DISTINGUISH

Important investigations

胸片或床旁超声，血流不稳应临床判断

Distinguishing features

心梗多压榨性疼痛并可放射；肺栓塞也突然胸痛/呼吸困难，须依风险与检查鉴别。

Red flags & referral

低血压、颈静脉怒张、明显呼吸窘迫或气管移位（晚征）→疑张力性气胸，立即呼叫急救；不能等待影像。

FROM KNOWLEDGE TO CLINICAL REASONING

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