CONDITION 15 · VISUAL STUDY

肺结核

pulmonary tuberculosis

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pulmonary tuberculosis

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01 / REMEMBER THE NAME

Remember the name

/ˈpʌlmənəri tuːˌbɜːrkjəˈloʊsɪs/

pulmon- 肺；tubercul- 小结节；-osis 病

Chinese sound mnemonic

tubercul- 结节＋-osis 病；“吐伯咳”记久咳。（原发音近似：怕-么-呢-瑞／吐-伯-咳-啰-嗦）

Mnemonics support recall; use the IPA for pronunciation.

02 / CONNECT THE MECHANISM

Granulomatous mycobacterial infection → chronic tissue damage/cavitation → prolonged cough and hemoptysis.

Cough longer than several weeks, night sweats, weight loss and sometimes blood-streaked sputum.

night sweats 盗汗；latent TB 潜伏结核；airborne precautions 空气传播隔离

03 / CHECK & DISTINGUISH

Important investigations

痰核酸检测/涂片/培养，胸部影像

Distinguishing features

与普通细菌性肺炎相比病程更长；肺癌亦可消瘦咯血；诊断需痰NAAT/培养等。

Red flags & referral

疑活动性肺结核须尽快戴口罩、安排空气传播预防和医疗评估；大量咯血、呼吸衰竭→急诊。

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