CONDITION 02 · VISUAL STUDY

霍乱

cholera

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cholera

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01 / 06 Illustrated study · 01

01 / REMEMBER THE NAME

Remember the name

/ˈkɒlərə/

cholera 为历史病名，不能机械按现代词根拆

Chinese sound mnemonic

“靠勒惹”记“靠水惹祸”：不停泻水、补液优先。（原发音近似：靠-勒-惹）

Mnemonics support recall; use the IPA for pronunciation.

02 / CONNECT THE MECHANISM

Cholera toxin ↑cAMP → chloride/water secretion → severe dehydration and hypovolemic shock.

Profuse painless rice-water diarrhea follows exposure to contaminated water.

rice-water stools 米泔水便；secretory diarrhea 分泌性腹泻；hypovolemia 血容量不足

03 / CHECK & DISTINGUISH

Important investigations

粪便培养或核酸检测，电解质及肾功能

Distinguishing features

痢疾有发热及血便；病毒性胃肠炎常伴呕吐，排量通常较小；霍乱严重脱水可无发热。

Red flags & referral

无法口服补液、少尿、眼窝凹陷、低血压、神志改变→立即急诊补液并感染控制。

PRACTISE WHAT YOU LEARN

2 questions

Related foundations: Infectious diarrhea and transmission routes

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